Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops when a woman is pregnant. During pregnancy, the placenta releases hormones that interfere with insulin’s ability to regulate blood sugar. When the woman’s body cannot produce sufficient insulin to counter the resistance brought on by pregnancy hormones, blood sugar levels go up, causing gestational diabetes.
Some women are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes. These are women who are overweight, over age 25, or have family histories of diabetes or gestational diabetes. Women who are African American, Hispanic, or Native American also have a higher risk of gestational diabetes.
Usually, women with gestational diabetes do not experience any symptoms, and after they give birth their blood sugar levels go back to normal. However, for some women, gestational diabetes causes symptoms such as frequent urination and thirst, blurred vision, and fatigue. Women who are pregnant should get regular checkups with their doctors and if they notice these symptoms, share them with the doctor.
There are certain tests doctors recommend to diagnose gestational diabetes. The most common one is a blood sugar test. The doctor will have the patient drink a sugary fluid and test their blood sugar level after an hour. If it is elevated beyond normal, they will likely ask for a glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis.
If a doctor diagnoses a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes, they will recommend steps to manage the condition. Often, these involve making lifestyle changes like eating healthier meals and regular exercise. The patient will have to monitor their blood sugar level during this period. If their blood sugar level does not go down, the doctor will prescribe medication.
